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Scientists win historic Nobel chemistry prize for ‘genetic scissors’

BY PAUL RINCON BBC SCIENCE

Two scientists have been awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing the tools to edit DNA. Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna are the first two women to share the prize, which honours their work on the technology of genome editing. Their discovery, known as Crispr-Cas9 “genetic scissors”, is a way of making specific and precise changes to the DNA contained in living cells. They will split the prize money of 10 million krona (£861,200; $1,110,400). Biological chemist Pernilla Wittung-Stafshede, commented: “The ability to cut DNA where you want has revolutionised the life sciences.” Continue Reading →

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Did coronavirus come from a lab?

BY MICHAEL MARSHALL
NEWSCIENTIST

Researchers led by Shan-Lu Liu at the Ohio State University say there is “no credible evidence” of genetic engineering. The virus’s genome has been sequenced, and if it had been altered, we would expect to see signs of inserted gene sequences. But we now know the points that differ from bat viruses are scattered in a fairly random way, just as they would be if the new virus had evolved naturally. Continue Reading →

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Quest to use CRISPR against disease gains ground

BY HEIDI LEDFORD
NATURE

The prospect of using the popular genome-editing tool CRISPR to treat a host of diseases in people is moving closer to reality.

Medical applications of CRISPR–Cas9 had a banner year in 2019. The first results trickled in from trials testing the tool in people, and more trials launched. In the coming years, researchers are looking ahead to more sophisticated applications of CRISPR genome editing that could lay the foundation for treating an array of diseases, from blood disorders to hereditary blindness. Continue Reading →

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Russian biologist plans more CRISPR-edited babies

BY DAVID SYRANOSKI
NATURE
A Russian scientist says he is planning to produce gene-edited babies, an act that would make him only the second person known to have done this. It would also fly in the face of the scientific consensus that such experiments should be banned until an international ethical framework has agreed on the circumstances and safety measures that would justify them. Continue Reading →

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The Great White Shark Genome Is Here

BY MEGAN MOLTENI
WIRED
Is there any more daunting animal to study than the great white shark? Just you try attaching a radio transmitter or drawing a tube of blood from a six-ton, razor-toothed, meat-seeking missile. But scientific understanding of these iconic apex predators has been limited by technical challenges as much as human bias for studying species that reside on closer branches of the taxonomic tree. Sharks evolved from the rest of the animal kingdom 400 million years ago—before the first adventurous amphibians left the oceans for dry land. What could the great white possibly teach 21st century humans? Continue Reading →

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Scientists Are Sequencing the Planet’s Genome

BY LUCAS LAURSEN
FORTUNE
A network of scientists around the world Thursday launched a 10-year project to sequence the genomes of all the 1.5 million known plants, animals, and fungi on Earth. The Earth Biogenome Project is a collaboration designed to avoid duplicating one another’s work and to make all genome data inter-operable and open for public use. Its leaders estimate that the total cost will be around $4.7 billion, which is less than the almost $5 billion in inflation-adjusted dollars than the Human Genome Project cost in 2003. Continue Reading →

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New study shows cloned sheep are living long lives with few health problems

BY ERIC ABENT
SLASHGEAR

Those of you who survived the roarin’ 1990s will almost certainly remember Dolly the Sheep, who was created from a single adult cell that was combined with an egg cell that had been stripped of its DNA. In other words, Dolly was a clone. Dolly was all over the news when she was born in 1996, but soon after, she started to suffer from health problems, with many people assuming that she was facing these issues because she was a clone. A new study of 13 cloned sheep, including four from the same cell line as Dolly, is showing that may not actually be the case. While Dolly was plagued early on by problems like osteoarthritis and eventually had to be put down in 2003 because of a tumors in her lungs, the clones studied here seem to be aging without many problems.

Though the study, which was led by developmental biologist Kevin Sinclair and a team of scientists from the University in Nottingham in England, says that it observed “no clinical signs of degenerative joint disease apart from mild, or in one case moderate, osteoarthritis in some animals,” it also states that somatic-cell nuclear transfer (the process by which the sheep were cloned) has “no obvious detrimental long-term health effects.”

This is pretty big news, as the health problems Dolly experienced brought into question the overall healthiness of cloned animals. Continue Reading →

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